Sure you could just put an XPath on the grid looking like [MyFirstModule.Attachment_YourCase = '[%CurrentObject%]']
(depending on the name of your association) but why not use a path to YourCase when you add a template grid of Attachment? Or is the association parent on the wrong entity for that?
I'd probably model it with the owner being Attachment and it just being a reference if your case has multiple attachments but attachments only have a single case.