After some experimenting with adding and removing columns I found the column that caused the error. Error seemed to be caused by the use of a generalization in an attribute path (strange since in another column I do an identical operation which does not cause any errors). I modified the attribute path to not use the generalization level attribute, but instead accessed the (same) attribute via the specialization entity. Now it works fine again. Note that the attribute path causing the issue did not contain the path/association that was mentioned in the error.
Apologies for the wording of the answer, it is kind of hard to describe without going into too much details of our datamodel. Thanks all for your assistance.