Associations are indexed by Mendix. That won't help you. A security rule with multiple assocations will affect the performance. You can consider to replace them with direct associations or copy the enumeration value to the main object, but that you need to maintain yourself and is only possible if your path if build up with references, and does not contain reference sets.
This kind of security is especially bad in combination with inheritance. Are you using inheritance anywhere along the xpath entities?
Also see if you have reference sets on the starting entity. Maybe you can redesign those to a middle entity with 2 references.