This has been on my backlog for writing a blog post about. I'll try to explain how to create xsd's for an oData feed.
We are going to create 3 xsd's, I called them m.xsd, odataFeed.xsd and d.xsd (of course you can give them any name, but my examples below refer to each other by name) in the same folder on disk. You import it into the modeler by importing the odataFeed.xsd. The first two XSDs are the same for any oData definition you like to use. I'll show them below:
m.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsd:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" version="1.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/metadata" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices">
<xsd:import schemaLocation="d.xsd" namespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices" />
<xsd:complexType name="content">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="properties" type="d:properties"/>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
odatafeed.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" version="1.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/metadata" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices" targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<xsd:import schemaLocation="m.xsd" namespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/metadata" />
<xsd:element name="feed">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="id" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="title" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="updated" type="xsd:dateTime" />
<xsd:element name="link">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:attribute name="href" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="rel" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="title" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="entry" maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="id" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="category">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:attribute name="term" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="scheme" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="title" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="updated" type="xsd:dateTime" />
<xsd:element name="content" type="m:content"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="base" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
The d.xsd finally depends on the actual structure of the data. Based on the properties in your feed I made the following d.xsd for your example:
d.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsd:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" version="1.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices">
<xsd:complexType name="properties">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="ID" type="xsd:long"/>
<xsd:element name="Garantienummer" type="xsd:long"/>
<xsd:element name="Status" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name="TotaalLeningbedrag" type="xsd:decimal"/>
<xsd:element name="GegarandeerdBedrag" type="xsd:decimal"/>
<xsd:element name="Begindatum" type="xsd:dateTime"/>
<xsd:element name="Melddatum" type="xsd:dateTime"/>
<xsd:element name="Einddatum" type="xsd:dateTime"/>
<xsd:element name="_HeeftWaarschuwing" type="xsd:boolean"/>
<xsd:element name="TotaalBedragAflossing" type="xsd:decimal"/>
<xsd:element name="AnnuitaireDaling" type="xsd:decimal"/>
<xsd:element name="OpgebouwdeWaarde" type="xsd:decimal"/>
<xsd:element name="GeborgdBedrag" type="xsd:decimal"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
I tried this all out with a mapping on the input you provide in your original post and it works. (So to be clear. Save all these XSDs in the same directory and make an XML schema document in the modeler based on the odataFeed.xsd).
Good luck!
This seems to be quite complex and error prone. If you need a fast data transfer consider retrieving data with OQL (in java) and transform the data to json or another compact data format and send it to the other app.