Is your application running in Mendix cloud v4? We experienced the same problem running two apps in cloud v4: only 5 SMTP messages a day were sent, the rest got a timeout.
See the remarks https://docs.mendix.com/developerportal/deploy/sending-email#1-introduction :
Please note that you cannot send email from Mendix Cloud v4 over port 25. Although this port is open, it is heavily rate-limited by the infrastructure provider, so you will experience issues. This configuration cannot be changed.
Your SMTP provider needs to expose a secure port like 587, which is a best practice that most modern providers offer out of the box.
We solved the problem by using a connection to the same mailserver on port 587 (first plain SMTP traffic and after some more testing by using TLS).