Have you tried adding a breakpoint in the action and single stepping through the Java action to see what is going on?
This link has instructions on how to connect a Java debugger to your Mendix application.
https://docs.mendix.com/howto/monitoring-troubleshooting/debug-java-actions/
Hope this helps.
Thank you Robert! I debugged it, but only confirms that receiving messages hangs.
I manually made TCP connections to ports involved. From the documentation: “Ports used are 443 (HTTPS), 5671 (AMQP) and 9354 (Net Messaging/SBMP)” .
5671 seems to work, but 443 and 9354 errors with a “Connection reset”. Also tired to manually add the SSL certificate, but without success.
Resolved it by upgrading to Mendix 9.13.0. Though, still puzzled what the issue was.