As far i can see this is a simple many to many relationship!
However since there is a value per relationship you need a connecting entity.
You can have your domain model this way.
Here Product entity drives all values from Column A(in cells A2-A4) and TimeFrame entity drives the values in B1-M1
To have the relationship value you can a NewEdit page this way
You can have your Table UI this way (of course you can customize it anyway you like)
Hope you got some idea out of it :) Good luck