Nope, the default search of a listview will not use the indexes.
Reason is that the search of a list view uses “contains” search.
Indexes are only suitable for “Start with” or “match” searches.
Indexes work like you sorting in you mobile contacts. So start searching with a D will skipp all A-C records. In case of a “Contains”search this cannot be done.
I know, disappointing answer. ;-)