Hi Joris,
That's possible by using the start pos attribute. If you download the project from github there is a test folder in it. In this test project there is a simulair setup on the page "ListeningDataviewCalendar" which you could simplify and re-use:
https://github.com/mendix/Calendar
Basically what you do is setup the same attribute for the start pos in a datetime picker in the enclosing entity. Then change the date, fire an onchange event in which you refresh the enclosing entity and the calendar will focus on this week.
Regards